Chinese Language in the Context of Thai Society: The Transition from Cultural Heritage to Economic Instrument

Abstract

This academic article analyzed the role of the Chinese language in Thai society from the past to the present, highlighting significant changes in its status and value across various dimensions. In the past, Chinese played a crucial role as the living language of the Thai-Chinese community, being used in trade, family communication, rituals, and cultural transmission. However, its role was diminished during certain periods due to cultural assimilation. In the 21st century, as China becomes an economic, political, and cultural superpower, the Chinese language has regained attention and acceptance in Thai society. At present, Chinese is no longer viewed merely as an ethnic language but as a universal language that promotes economic and professional opportunities in various fields, including education, the tourism industry, international trade, and employment in foreign companies. Chinese also plays a role as cultural capital that reflects the identity of the modern new generation. The continuous expansion of Chinese language learning at all educational levels, along with the widespread popularity of the HSK proficiency test, represents the transformation of its status from an ethnic language to a universal language that aligns with the current Thai economic and social systems.

The analysis also pointed to the inequality of opportunities in accessing Chinese language education, which was often limited to those with social and economic capital. Furthermore, Chinese was argued not to be viewed solely in terms of its communicative use or economic value, but to be understood as valuable social and cultural capital in itself. Therefore, the study recommended that Chinese language learning be promoted widely, equitably, and coupled with cross-cultural learning to ensure it becomes a profound cultural heritage passed down sustainably to future generations.