PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES AND LANGUAGE CONTACT DIFFERENCES OF CHINESE LOANWORDS IN THE DAI LANGUAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF XISHUANGBANNA (CHINA) AND CHIANG KHAM (THAILAND)
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Abstract
This study investigates the phonological adaptation of Chinese loanwords in Xishuangbanna Dai (China) and Chiang Kham Dai (Phayao, Thailand). Using fieldwork and comparative analysis based on recordings, interviews, and relevant texts, it examines how loanwords are integrated into local phonological systems. The results show that both varieties preserve some Old Chinese loanwords but differ in their treatment of Modern Mandarin borrowings: Xishuangbanna Dai displays systematic phonological shifts, whereas Chiang Kham Dai tends to retain its original phonology. These findings highlight the role of contact depth and sociolinguistic environment in shaping phonological change and offer new insights into the localization of Chinese across languages.
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