Factors Affecting the Employment Model of Hotel Businesses after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The New Economy in Songkhla Province
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate 1) the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on hotel businesses in Songkhla Province, 2) levels of transaction costs, human capital management, and employment model after the COVID-19 pandemic, 3) factors of organizational characteristics, transaction costs, and human capital management affecting the employment model after the pandemic, and 4) opinions about employment after the pandemic. Questionnaires were collected from 216 hotel operators and executives in Songkhla Province. Data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, and stepwise multiple regression. The study found that most of the hotel businesses, or 96.30 percent, were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with the effect on labor/employment and operational costs was 63.90 and 63.40 percent respectively. The level of transaction costs and human capital management was at a high level. The employment model after the COVID-19 pandemic, consisting of internal and external labors, was at a moderate level. Furthermore, firm age, outsourcing, and value had positive effects on employment after the COVID-19 pandemic was significant at .001. The multiple correlation value (R) was .455, and the predicted R-square was .207. Opinions on the employment model for hotel business operators and executives were whether to employ people with a variety of skills and the ability to apply technology to more work and increase income for the organizations. Regarding policy opinions, the government sector was required to organize tourism promotion projects to stimulate the economy, distribute income, and increase employment. The research results will be useful for government agencies, the education sector, and entrepreneurs in making predictions and preparing for planning manpower production and further employment after the COVID-19 situation.
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