Architectural Changes in Sim of Supattanaram Temple and the Cathedral of Mary Immaculate in Ubon Ratchathani.
Keywords:
Ordination hall church Symbol, Ordination hall ,, church, SymbolAbstract
Dhammayut Sect of Buddhism and Christianity were introduced to Ubon Ratchathani during the years 1851-1930. The centers of both religions were established not so far apart from each other. The church of Mary Immaculate had been rebuilt several years before the construction of the new ordination hall (sim) of Wat Supattanaram monastery. The investigation of the architectural designs and the meaning of building elements will be an important part in the clearer understanding of these architectures and their contexts. This study was aimed to compare the changes of the ordination hall and the church of Mary Immaculate in the historical context of Ubon Ratchathani by interpretation through the architecture design, decorative elements, symbols in architecture, and the conveyance of the semiotics meanings. The result indicates that the ordination hall of Wat Supattanaram monastery is situated at an auspicious location above the tides of River Mun. It represents the influence of Bangkok architectural style and local characters. The church, on the contrary, was situated on lowland which local people believed was a jungle of fever and a haunted place. The first church building was constructed by applying the local house style. With the later security in terms of manpower and money, the new church was built by using modern materials and techniques of the western architectural style and was larger when compared to the local building. This came with the policy of scientific religious dissemination, showing the overcoming of traditional beliefs of that area. During the same period, the old ordination hall of Wat Supattanaram was in a state of dilapidation. The Abbot Maha Wirawong hence constructed a new ordination hall in a larger size, by having an architect from Bangkok designing and supervising the construction. Its style is an integration of Thai and western architecture with local decoration. The change occurring at the ordination hall of Wat Supattanaram and the Christian church of Mary Immaculate demonstrated the competition for popularity of the local religions through architectural works, the symbols of decorating elements, interior functions and the change of size as well as religious dissemination that attempted to bring modernity to the city of Ubon Ratchathani.
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