Synthesis of Articles about Bhikkhunis in Thai Journals Online (ThaiJO) from 2003-2023

Abstract

The purpose of this research article is to synthesize academic articles studying bhikkhunis and their sequels that appeared in the Thai journal database (ThaiJO) from 2003-2023. It is qualitative research consisting of two steps: 1) collecting data only academic articles about bhikkhunis found in the Thai ThaiJO database published online, and 2) analyzing the obtained data. The main points are summarized, and the research results are presented accordingly. The academic articles regarding bhikkhunis and their sequels can be classified into two types: general academic articles and research articles. Both types of articles mainly provide knowledge about bhikkhunis in the context of Thai society. When considering the essence of both types of academic articles, it was found that there are two main points of focus. The first kind promotes societal acceptance of Thai bhikkhunis asserting that they are legal nuns according to Thai law. This group can be considered “reformative articles”. The second kind of article contains important general knowledge about bhikkhunis, but the authors of this group strongly oppose and disapprove of Theravada bhikkhunis in Thailand. Consequently, it was held that ordaining bhikkhunis from the Theravada sect is not possible at present due to the discontinuity of the Theravada bhikkhuni lineage. This group can be summarized as “conservative articles”. Based on the results of the research and synthesis of academic articles about bhikkhunis, it can be inferred that future challenges lie ahead for Thai Theravada bhikkhunis as there has been no conclusion that Thai Theravada bhikkhunis will be officially accepted by the government (Sangha Supreme Council) in the near future.