Development and Validation of an Ethical Leadership Scale for University Faculty Members in Jiangsu Province, China
คำสำคัญ:
Ethical Leadership, University Faculty Members, Scale Development, Validity Test, Reliability Testบทคัดย่อ
As ethical leadership becomes increasingly vital in higher education, this study developed and validated an ethical leadership scale tailored to university faculty members in Jiangsu Province, China. Based on expert consultations and existing literature, an initial 40-item scale was constructed, reflecting key competences, including role model, fairness and equity, transparent communication, academic integrity, sense of responsibility, respect and inclusivity, student-centered approach, empowerment, behavioral reinforcement and social contribution. A total of 383 valid responses were collected from faculty members across 33 provincially affiliated universities in Jiangsu Province. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 10 factors, accounting for 88.36% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.796 to 0.939. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated good model fit (χ²/df = 2.347, CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.928, RMSEA = 0.059, SRMR = 0.047). The scale exhibited strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.967) and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity (AVE > 0.50, CR > 0.80). These results support the scale’s reliability and validity, offering a robust tool for evaluating and enhancing ethical leadership among university faculty.
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