The Moderating Influence of Adaptive Performance on the Relationship Between Work Motivation, Perceived Organizational Justice, and Service Efficiency of Food Delivery Riders in Thailand
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Abstract
This study aims to 1) examine the work behaviors of food delivery riders using applications in Thailand and 2) investigate the moderating influence of adaptive performance on the relationship between work motivation, perceived organizational justice, and service efficiency among food delivery riders in Thailand. This research employed a quantitative approach, using a questionnaire as the data collection tool from 384 food delivery riders using applications in Thailand. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling, with the sample size in each stratum proportionally allocated based on representative provinces from each region. Within each stratum, purposive and convenience sampling methods were applied to select the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as hypothesis testing using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.
The findings revealed that 1) the majority of food delivery riders worked with the Grab food delivery service. The most frequently delivered food type was Thai food, with an average of 3-4 menu items per delivery. The peak delivery time was between 12:01 PM and 3:00 PM, with an average of 5-10 deliveries per day. The average income per delivery was 20-25 THB, and most riders received daily payment. The average monthly income from food delivery ranged from 10,000 to 20,000 THB. 2) Both work motivation and perceived organizational justice had a significant positive relationship with service efficiency at the 0.01 level. Furthermore, adaptive performance was found to moderate the relationship between work motivation and service efficiency in a positive direction, while it moderated the relationship between perceived organizational justice and service efficiency in a negative direction, with statistical significance at the 0.01 level.
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