The Development of an Assessment Model for 17 Teacher Competencies of Rajabhat University Pre-Service Teachers in the 21st Century

Abstract

This research aimed to: (1) investigate the contextual foundations of developing 17 core Pre-Service teacher competencies; (2) design and develop a comprehensive assessment model and instruments for evaluating these competencies; and (3) evaluate and pilot the proposed assessment model for 21st-century Pre-Service teacher competencies. A multi-phase research design was employed. Phase 1 involved a contextual analysis conducted through in-depth interviews with 30 key stakeholders, including teacher educators, pre-service teachers, mentor teachers, and educational administrators. Phase 2 focused on the development of the assessment model and instruments through expert workshops with 34 specialists in educational measurement and evaluation, learning management, and subject-specific pedagogy. Phase 3 comprised expert focus group validation of the model, large-scale pilot implementation of the assessment with 803 pre-service teachers, and an evaluation of learner satisfaction using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (means, percentages, and standard deviations) and qualitative content analysis.
The results indicated that: (1) Regarding the context of teacher competency development and assessment, teacher competencies are currently evaluated through coursework and professional teaching practicum experiences. However, there are still no standardized instruments specifically designed to assess each competency separately according to the operational definitions of the 17 competencies. Each competency should be assessed through a variety of assessment methods and instruments. Stakeholders involved in the teacher preparation process should participate in the assessment process.Furthermore, the assessment instruments should be practical for implementation and accompanied by clear procedures and explicit evaluation criteria. (2) The 21st-century Pre-Service teacher competency assessment model consisted of 17 Pre-Service teacher competencies and employed a variety of assessment instruments, including objective tests, subjective tests, behavioral rating scales, performance assessments, self-assessment forms, behavioral observation forms, skill assessment forms, attitude scales, questionnaires, interviews, simulation activities, and portfolio assessment. Multiple evaluators were involved in the assessment process, including faculty members, instructors, supervising lecturers, academic advisors, mentor teachers, administrators, peers, and the students themselves.The assessment model also incorporated evaluation criteria and competency assessment results, depending on the context and assessment instruments used for each competency. (3) The evaluation results of the assessment model and instruments for the 17 teacher competencies, as reviewed by experts, indicated that the overall quality was at a good level (M = 4.41, S.D. = 0.51). (4) The results of the partial implementation of the assessment of the 17 teacher competencies showed that the overall competency score was 75.92%. When considering each competency individually, the highest-rated competency was Media Utilization Skills, with a score of 88.13%, followed by Teacher Personality and Attitude: Adaptability, with a score of 87.07%, and Professional Teaching Practice, with a score of 86.53%, respectively. In contrast, the competencies with the lowest scores were Curriculum Design and Development, with a score of 61.28%, Leadership and Community Relations, with a score of 53.72% percent, and Classroom Management, with a score of 50.91%, respectively. (5) The results of the student satisfaction evaluation toward the 21st-century teacher competency assessment model revealed that the overall level of satisfaction was high (M = 4.46, S.D. = 0.64).