Community Participation in Community-Based Tourism Management at Pattani Bay
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to study 1) patterns of community participation in community-based tourism (CBT) management at Pattani Bay, and 2) the level of community participation in community-based tourism management. This study was regarded as mixed methods research. For the qualitative method, the data were gathered from 17 key informants who directly involved with Pattani Bay CBT through in-depth interviews using a semi-structure interviewing form. The data were analyzed using content analysis to organize and code the data. As for the quantitative method, data were gathered from participants aged 20 and above who lived in the Pattani Bay area, which included Muang District and Yaring District in Pattani Province. The questionnaires were utilized to collect data from 343 samples using a simple random sampling technique based on household ratio. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, namely, percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, the R statistical software package were used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that the Pattani Bay CBT participation pattern was a mixed participation pattern that included both induced and natural participation. The overall participation level in the management of Pattani Bay CBT was moderate (Mean = 2.98, S.D. = 1.40) and significantly different. In addition, the results could help relevant organizations promote procedures to encourage participation in developing sustainable CBT.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All submitted articles are subject to academic validation by qualified experts (peer review). The opinions expressed in each article of this publication are those of the authors themselves. The editorial board holds no responsibilities on them and does not reserve the copyright for academic use with the condition that the reference of their origin is cited.
References
Ahmad, F., Draz, U. M., Su, L., Qzturk, I., & Rauf, A. (2001). Tourism and environmental pollution: Evidence from the one belt one road provinces of Western China. Sustainability, 10(10), 1-22.
Asker, S., Boronyak, L., Carrard, N., & Paddon, M. (2010). Effective community based tourism: APEC Secretariat. Australia: Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney.
Best, J. W., & Kahn J. V. (1993). Research in education (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N. (1980). Participation place in rural development: Seeking clarity through specificity. World Development, 8(3), 213-235.
Creighton, J. L. (2005). The public participation handbook: Making better decisions through citizen involvement. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of psychological testing (5th ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources. (2020). Marine and coastal resources and coastal erosion. N.P. [in Thai]
Department of Provincial Administration. (2020). Civil registration. Retrieved from https://stat.bora.dopa.go.th
Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration. (2017). Community based tourism handbook. Bangkok: Product House Advisory. [in Thai]
Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration. (2020). Report on the results of the analysis of the potential of the model community according to the criteria for community tourism development in Thailand in the Pattani Province area. Fiscal year 2020. N.P. [in Thai]
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing knowledge: Determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547-1568.
Dolezal, C. (2015). The tourism encounter in community-based tourism in Northern Thailand: Empty meeting ground or space for change?. Journal of South-East Asian Studies (ASEAS), 8(2), 165-186.
Emphandhu, D. (2007). Community tourism development and homestay activities. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. [in Thai]
Erwin, W. (1976). Participation management: Concepttheory and implementation. Atlanta, GA: Georgia State University.
Giampiccoli, A., & Mtapuri, O. (2017). Beyond community-based tourism. Towards a new tourism sector classification system. Gazeta de Antropologia, 33(1), 1-15.
Giampiccoli, A., & Saayman, M. (2016). Community-based tourism: From a local to a global push. Acta Commercii, 16(1), 1-10.
Kim, S., Park, E., & Phandanouvong, T. (2014). Barriers to local residents’ participation in community-based tourism: Lessons from Houay Kaeng Village in Laos. In Conference: 4th International Conference on Tourism Research (4ICTR) (pp.1-8). Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. doi:10.1051/shsconf/20141201045
Kaosa-ard, M. (2021). Strategies for research and development for tourism after COVID-19. Retrieved from https://www.shorturl.asia/yu0De [in Thai]
Ministry of Tourism and Sports. (2011). National tourism development plan 2011-2016. Retrieved from https://shorturl.asia/nAag8 [in Thai]
Ministry of Tourism and Sports. (2021). Complete report of the national tourism development plan (3nd ed.). Bangkok. [in Thai]
Mohammadi, M., Khalifah, Z., & Hosseini, H. (2010). Local people perceptions toward social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Kermanshah (Iran). Asian Social Science, 6(11), 220-225.
Muganda, M., Sirima, A., & Ezra, P. M. (2013). The role of local communities in tourism development: Gassroots perspectives from Tanzania. Journal of Human Ecology, 41(1), 53-66.
Nitikasetsoontorn, S. (2015). The success factors of community-based tourism in Thailand. NIDA Development Journal, 55(2), 24-58. [in Thai]
Pretty, N. J., (1995). Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. World Development, 23(8), 1247-1263.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar, M., Ahmad, A. G., & Barghi, R. (2017). Community participation in world heritage site conservation and tourism development. Tourism Management, 58, 142-153.
Stone, L. S., & Stone, T. M. (2011). Community-based tourism enterprises: Challenges and prospects for community participation; Khama Rhino Sanctuary Trust, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 97-114.
Suansri, P. (2003). Community-based tourism management manual. Bangkok: Tourism for Life and Nature Project. [in Thai]
The Thailand Community Based Tourism Institute. (2013). Community based tourism handbook. Chiang Mai: Wanida Printing. [in Thai]
The Thailand Community Based Tourism Institute. (2017). Community based tourism handbook. Bangkok: Product House Accessories. [in Thai]
Tosun, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. Anatolia, 10(2), 113-134.
Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism Management, 27, 493-504.
Tuler, S., & Webler, T. (2006). Popular participation in watershed management planning: Views on process from people in the feld. Human Ecology Review, 8(2), 29-39.
United Nations Organization. (1981). Popular participation as a strategy for promoting community level action and nation development. Report of the meeting for the adhoc group of expert. New York: United Nations.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2019). The travel & tourism competitiveness-report-2019. Retrieved form https://shorturl.asia/O5v9q