Artificial Intelligence and the Development of Human Capital's Critical Thinking in Thai Education

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the critical thinking and analytical thinking skills of human capital within the context of Thai education, as well as to propose approaches for developing an educational system capable of utilizing AI appropriately and effectively. The study employs a documentary research approach through the review and synthesis of knowledge derived from books, academic articles, research studies, reports published by international organizations and relevant policy documents, including those issued by UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Thai government agencies. The collected information is analyzed using content analysis to examine the impacts and emerging trends of AI and to identify appropriate approaches to human capital development in the age of artificial intelligence. The findings indicate that AI presents both opportunities and challenges for the Thai education system. On the one hand, AI can facilitate personalized learning, broaden access to knowledge and enhance the efficiency of educational management. On the other hand, excessive reliance on AI may contribute to a decline in learners’ critical thinking, analytical thinking, problem-solving skills and intellectual autonomy. Furthermore, the findings highlight that strengthening AI literacy, redesigning assessment and evaluation practices to emphasize thinking processes and establishing appropriate governance frameworks for AI use are essential factors in developing human capital capable of working effectively alongside AI. The findings of this article can serve as a foundation for policy formulation, curriculum development and instructional practices aimed at enhancing the quality of education and advancing human capital development in Thailand in the digital era.