Conceptualization of Personal Recovery among Community-Dwelling People with Schizophrenia: Theory Derivation Approach
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Abstract
Personal recovery is increasingly recognized as a vital outcome for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia. However, it lacks a well-defined conceptual framework in nursing research. This study aims to derive and present a nursing-specific conceptual model of personal recovery among people living on their own with schizophrenia, based on the Unity Model of Recovery (UMR). Using a theory-derivation approach, the author reviewed post-2011 literature in PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using terms such as “recovery”, “personal recovery”, “schizophrenia”, and “theory”, and examined analogous ideas from adjacent disciplines, selected the Unity Model as the parent theory, identified transferable content, and adapted/refined concepts for psychiatric nursing practice.
The resulting model integrates four attributes under three cornerstones—insight, hospitalization since onset, resilience, and family support, along with three environmental supports—social support, therapeutic alliance, and recovery-oriented nursing services. These components were labeled as fundamental for promoting personal recovery in individuals with schizophrenia living in the community. This research adds a novel theoretical framework that integrates clinical and personal recovery aspects, providing a comprehensive approach to nursing practice. The model focuses on improving the quality of life and well-being of individuals with schizophrenia by emphasizing strengths-based recovery, not only symptom control.
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