Current Situation and Future Challenges in Wastewater Management at the Local Government Level

Abstract

This research examines the current state of wastewater management in 44 local governments that operate sewage systems, representing approximately 45.4 percent of the population. By conducting a mail survey using data from fiscal years 2020-2021, this study presents findings that reveal the diverse approaches employed by local authorities in wastewater management, tailored to their specific needs and local contexts. Overall, the results indicate satisfactory performance in wastewater management among the sampled local units, with the treated wastewater largely meeting legal requirements. However, a potential challenge to sustainable local operations arises from the collection of wastewater management fees. The majority of the sampled cities have not implemented fees that would generate sufficient financial resources to cover sewage treatment expenses adequately. Therefore, it is crucial for local authorities to focus on establishing policies that enhance the long-term effectiveness of wastewater management.